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	<title>Lucid Interval &#187; Book Projects</title>
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	<link>http://www.bingguanzon.com</link>
	<description>Weblog by Rowena "Bing" Guanzon</description>
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		<title>Profile of Senator Pia Cayetano</title>
		<link>http://www.bingguanzon.com/228/profile-of-senator-pia-cayetano</link>
		<comments>http://www.bingguanzon.com/228/profile-of-senator-pia-cayetano#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 03 Apr 2010 12:14:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Bing</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Book Projects]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bingguanzon.com/228/profile-of-senator-pia-cayetano</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[SENATOR PIA S. CAYETANO
Headquarters: 3rd Floor NAC Centre Bldg.
143 Dela Rosa cor. Adelentado Sts. Makati City
Telefax 8160274 / Tels. 8190023 or 8082664
Email: media@senatorpiacayetano.com
URL: www.senatorpiacayetano.com   www.pinayinaction.com    www.twitter.com/piacayetano
Profile: Senator Pia S. Cayetano
She is the youngest woman elected in the history of the Philippine Senate. A lawyer, triathlete and mother of two, Senator [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>SENATOR PIA S. CAYETANO<br />
Headquarters: 3rd Floor NAC Centre Bldg.<br />
143 Dela Rosa cor. Adelentado Sts. Makati City<br />
Telefax 8160274 / Tels. 8190023 or 8082664<br />
Email: media@senatorpiacayetano.com<br />
URL: www.senatorpiacayetano.com   www.pinayinaction.com    www.twitter.com/piacayetano</p>
<p>Profile: Senator Pia S. Cayetano</p>
<p>She is the youngest woman elected in the history of the Philippine Senate. A lawyer, triathlete and mother of two, Senator Pia S. Cayetano is constantly proving there&#8217;s no limit to what Filipino women can set out to do and achieve.</p>
<p>            Pia was voted to the Senate in 2004 with an overwhelming mandate despite entering the political arena as a total neophyte. She ran on a platform promoting health, education, environment, youth and women&#8217;s empowerment in a bid to continue the legacy of her highly esteemed father, the late Senator Compañero Rene L. Cayetano. </p>
<p>           Pia has been responsible for sponsoring and authoring laws and bills such as the “Magna Carta of Women” which aims to end all forms of gender discrimination; “Food and Drug Administration Act of 2009” which seeks to reconstitute the Bureau of Food and Drugs into the FDA and strengthen its capacity to go after counterfeit medicines and other violative health products; &#8220;Universally Accessible Cheaper and Quality Medicines Law of 2008&#8243; which provides mechanisms to ensure people’s access to affordable but quality drugs; “Renewable Energy Act of 2008” which promotes the development, utilization, and commercialization of renewable energy sources in the Philippines; &#8220;Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2007&#8243; which integrates environmental education at each school level; “Expanded Breastfeeding Promotion Act” which seeks to reestablish the culture of breastfeeding as the normal, natural and preferred method of feeding infants and young children and to provide specific measures to enable working mothers to continue breastfeeding; the “Expanded Senior Citizens Act” which provides more benefits for our elderly and exempts senior citizens from the Value-Added Tax (VAT) on goods and services; the “Hospital Detention Law” which protects indigent patients from the unjustifiable practice of some hospitals which refuse to discharge patients due to unsettled hospital bills; the bill creating a “Persons with Disability Affairs Office” to ensure the delivery of programs and services to persons with disabilities; and several protected area laws, all of which endeavor to maintain the essential ecological processes and life-support systems of each area, to preserve genetic diversity, to ensure sustainable uses of resources found therein, and to maintain their natural conditions to the greatest extent possible.</p>
<p>	For four years, Pia chaired the Senate Committees on Health and Demography and Environment and Natural Resources until she relinquished these posts during the leadership change in the Senate in November 2008. But losing her chairmanships did not prevent Pia from pursuing her advocacies on health and environment, as well as the most vulnerable sectors in society, namely, women, children, the elderly, and persons with disabilities. She currently chairs the Senate Committee on Social Justice, Welfare and Rural Development. </p>
<p>Pia brought honor to the country after being elected President of the Coordinating Committee of Women Parliamentarians of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU). This is the highest position ever achieved by a Filipino in the 119-year-old IPU, considered as the “United Nations” of parliamentarians around the world.</p>
<p>Outside the Senate halls, Pia has been actively promoting her various advocacies. These include: “Pinay in Action” which provides a venue for women to take on a healthy lifestyle and information to promote women&#8217;s empowerment; “Bike for Hope” which raises community awareness on pressing health and environmental issues; and the “12-hour Multi-Sport Event in Memory of Gabriel” which supports differently abled children in memory of her son who died from multiple complications of a rare chromosomal ailment in 2001.</p>
<p>  	A professional triathlete, Pia advocates sports as part of a holistic youth development program and in promoting a fit and healthy lifestyle. She&#8217;s an avid participant of various marathons and bike runs for health and environment causes in Metro Manila and the provinces. She actively joins local and international sporting events, including marathon, triathlon, duathlon, and ironman competitions. She is a proud finisher of the Tokyo Marathon, New York Marathon, Venice Marathon, Western Australia Ironman, Aviva Ironman 70.3 in Singapore, and the Cobra Ironman 70.3 in Camarines Sur, among others. The youngest member and captain of the Philippine volleyball team in her college days, the lady senator continues to support local athletes and programs aimed at discovering young sports talents.</p>
<p>Whether on the Senate floor defending a measure, out in the communities to raise awareness on health, women empowerment and the environment, or when leading sports activities for a cause, Pia is driven by the same passion and work ethics that has made her among the country&#8217;s most accomplished young leaders. The daughter of the late &#8220;Compañero&#8221; has come into her own and has made her mark in the Philippine Senate and the nation&#8217;s consciousness. #</p>
<p>Media officer<br />
Mike Ac-ac, mobile 09178335000, email media@senatorpiacayetano.com</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<item>
		<title>Book launch, March 26</title>
		<link>http://www.bingguanzon.com/218/book-launch-march-26</link>
		<comments>http://www.bingguanzon.com/218/book-launch-march-26#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 17 Mar 2010 00:28:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Bing</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Book Projects]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bingguanzon.com/218/book-launch-march-26</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[My new book on the Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004 will be launched on March 26 in the University of the Philippines College of Law, Malcolm Hall.
This is part of our celebration this Women&#8217;s Month, and my way of thanking all of you, my sisters, who helped me become a better [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>My new book on the Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004 will be launched on March 26 in the University of the Philippines College of Law, Malcolm Hall.</p>
<p>This is part of our celebration this Women&#8217;s Month, and my way of thanking all of you, my sisters, who helped me become a better person and feminist.  Thanks especially to my mentors and role model &#8212; Oyie de Dios, Lucy Lazo, Carol Sobritchea, Myrna Feliciano, and Teret Balayon. Thanks also to my friends Miyen, Beth A., Jean, Junice.</p>
<p>And to my friends in the Asia Cause Lawyers Network and the UN Expert Group Meeting in Vienna (May 2008), thank you for your support and inputs for my book.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>3</slash:comments>
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		<item>
		<title>MCLE Lecture in Davao March 11, 2010</title>
		<link>http://www.bingguanzon.com/210/mcle-lecture-in-davao-march-11-2010</link>
		<comments>http://www.bingguanzon.com/210/mcle-lecture-in-davao-march-11-2010#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 23:47:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Bing</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Book Projects]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bingguanzon.com/210/mcle-lecture-in-davao-march-11-2010</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Announcement: Prof. R.V. Guanzon will
be lecturing on Trial of Cases of VAWC under Republic Act No. 9262 in Davao City on March 11, 2010.  This is a lecture in the Mandatory Continuing Legal Education program of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines Davao City Chapter
]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Announcement: Prof. R.V. Guanzon will<br />
be lecturing on Trial of Cases of VAWC under Republic Act No. 9262 in Davao City on March 11, 2010.  This is a lecture in the Mandatory Continuing Legal Education program of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines Davao City Chapter</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<item>
		<title>Engendering the Philippine Judiciary translated to Thai</title>
		<link>http://www.bingguanzon.com/209/engendering-the-philippine-judiciary-translated-to-thai</link>
		<comments>http://www.bingguanzon.com/209/engendering-the-philippine-judiciary-translated-to-thai#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 23:45:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Bing</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Book Projects]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bingguanzon.com/209/engendering-the-philippine-judiciary-translated-to-thai</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Thanks to UNIFEM Bangkok and the interest of the Judiciary of Thailand, our  book, Engendering  the Philippine Judiciary (2006) published by UNIFEM and the UP Center for Women&#8217;s Studies Foundation, Inc, is being translated into  Thai and will be distributed to judges in Thailand
]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thanks to UNIFEM Bangkok and the interest of the Judiciary of Thailand, our  book, Engendering  the Philippine Judiciary (2006) published by UNIFEM and the UP Center for Women&#8217;s Studies Foundation, Inc, is being translated into  Thai and will be distributed to judges in Thailand</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<item>
		<title>NO to Martial Law !</title>
		<link>http://www.bingguanzon.com/200/no-to-martial-law</link>
		<comments>http://www.bingguanzon.com/200/no-to-martial-law#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 10 Dec 2009 09:24:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Bing</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Book Projects]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bingguanzon.com/200/no-to-martial-law</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Yesterday, Dec. 9, 2009, I and my students in the University of the Philippines College of Law observed the Joint Session of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened for the purpose of listening to the report of the President and to vote on whether or not the Senators and Representatives, voting jointly, will [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Yesterday, Dec. 9, 2009, I and my students in the University of the Philippines College of Law observed the Joint Session of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened for the purpose of listening to the report of the President and to vote on whether or not the Senators and Representatives, voting jointly, will concur with the issuance of Martial Law in Maguindanao province in the south of the Philippines, by Gloria M.Arroyo.  The president was notably absent, and this did not escape the attention of the representative of Maguindanao, Rep. Diangalen.</p>
<p>The massacre in Maguindanao of about 57 people, 28 of whom were journalists and at least 6 of whom were women on November 23, 2009 is unprecedented in the history of Philippine politics.  witnesses point to the powerful Ampatuan clan who ordered the murder of  4 women of the Magudadatu clan who were with their two women lawyers, Atty. Connie Brisuelas and Atty. Cynthia Oquendo, who were abducted on their way to the COmelec to file the certificate of candidacy of Toto Mangudadatu, a vice mayor who was contesting the governatorial post held by the Ampatuan clan.<br />
The women were raped, tortured and murdered.</p>
<p>PResident Gloria M. Arroyo proclamed Martial Law in Maguindanao, which under our Constitution can only be done if there is invasion or rebellion, when public safety requires it.  </p>
<p>The Department of Justice has filed charges of rebellion.</p>
<p>We should protest this, and let our voices be heard by our representatives and senators, and in the whole world&#8211; NEVER AGAIN TO MARTIAL LAW. </p>
<p>Today, Dec 10, the Integrated Bar of the Philippines marched to the Supreme Court with banners saying NO TO MARTIAL LAW, and to file a petition for intervention versus the Department of Justice Secretary, et al.  The IBP will be counsel for the heirs of the two women who were raped, tortured and murdered.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<item>
		<title>UP Law Class 84 celebrateds 25th</title>
		<link>http://www.bingguanzon.com/198/up-law-class-84-celebrateds-25th</link>
		<comments>http://www.bingguanzon.com/198/up-law-class-84-celebrateds-25th#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 22 Nov 2009 11:29:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Bing</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Book Projects]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bingguanzon.com/198/up-law-class-84-celebrateds-25th</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[My Class 84 of the University of the Philippines College of Law celebrated its 25th year and hosted the UP Law Homecoming in Shangrila Makati on November 17, 2009.
Photos will be posted in the gallery soon.
It was great to see classmates I have not seen for 25 years! Among them, Bing Betita, Cleto Evangelista, Richie [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>My Class 84 of the University of the Philippines College of Law celebrated its 25th year and hosted the UP Law Homecoming in Shangrila Makati on November 17, 2009.</p>
<p>Photos will be posted in the gallery soon.</p>
<p>It was great to see classmates I have not seen for 25 years! Among them, Bing Betita, Cleto Evangelista, Richie Diaz who lives in California. Good to see you again Jeng! The last time we met was in 95, after I left Harvard.</p>
<p>Dean Froilan Bacungan was there. He was the Dean when we were in our first year. Dean Bart Carale was Dean when we graduated. </p>
<p>Our guest of honor was Prof. Araceli Baviera, who is nearly 90.  She gave a short and sentimental speech, emphasizing that her wealth are her students.  We love you m&#8217;aam!</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<item>
		<title>CONSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGES TO R.A. 9262, Journal of IBP (March 2009)</title>
		<link>http://www.bingguanzon.com/186/constitutional-challenges-to-ra-9262-journal-of-ibp-march-2009</link>
		<comments>http://www.bingguanzon.com/186/constitutional-challenges-to-ra-9262-journal-of-ibp-march-2009#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 19 Sep 2009 10:56:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Bing</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Book Projects]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gender and Law]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Women's Rights]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bingguanzon.com/186/constitutional-challenges-to-ra-9262-journal-of-ibp-march-2009</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[My article in the Journal of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines (March 2009) is entitled &#8220;Constitutional Challenges to Republic Act No. 9262.  This article will hopefully help women litigants and their lawyers answer challenges to the constitutionality of  Republic Act No. 9262.
Members of the IBP may get their copy from the IBP [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>My article in the Journal of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines (March 2009) is entitled &#8220;Constitutional Challenges to Republic Act No. 9262.  This article will hopefully help women litigants and their lawyers answer challenges to the constitutionality of  Republic Act No. 9262.</p>
<p>Members of the IBP may get their copy from the IBP Journal Office, IBP Building, Julia Vargas Avenue, Pasig City.</p>
<p><span id="more-186"></span></p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<item>
		<title>Philippine Law Journal : R.A. No. 9262</title>
		<link>http://www.bingguanzon.com/183/philippine-law-journal-ra-no-9262</link>
		<comments>http://www.bingguanzon.com/183/philippine-law-journal-ra-no-9262#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 18 May 2009 03:25:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Bing</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Book Projects]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[updates & announcements]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bingguanzon.com/183/philippine-law-journal-ra-no-9262</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[My article in the Philippine Law Journal (Dec 2008) entitled, &#8220;Issues and Problems in the Enforcement of the Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004&#8243; will be available in the University of the Philippines Law Center by June 2009.
Also, in 2008 Justice Alicia Austria-Martinez penned the Supreme Court decision Go-Tan vs. Tan, where the Supreme [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>My article in the Philippine Law Journal (Dec 2008) entitled, &#8220;Issues and Problems in the Enforcement of the Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004&#8243; will be available in the University of the Philippines Law Center by June 2009.</p>
<p>Also, in 2008 Justice Alicia Austria-Martinez penned the Supreme Court decision Go-Tan vs. Tan, where the Supreme Court held that the parents of the husband may be named respondents in a protection order petition because they conspired to commit psychological violence upon the woman.  The Supreme Court applied conspiracy in the Revised Penal Code suppletorily to RA No. 9262, and used the liberal construction of the law.</p>
<p>Will post this article in this weblog by July 2009.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>6</slash:comments>
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		<item>
		<title>Constitutional Challenges to RA 9262 in Journal of the IBP</title>
		<link>http://www.bingguanzon.com/181/constitutional-challenges-to-ra-9262-in-journal-of-the-ibp</link>
		<comments>http://www.bingguanzon.com/181/constitutional-challenges-to-ra-9262-in-journal-of-the-ibp#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 16 Mar 2009 07:50:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Bing</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Book Projects]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gender and Law]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[updates & announcements]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bingguanzon.com/181/constitutional-challenges-to-ra-9262-in-journal-of-the-ibp</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[My article, &#8220;Constitutional Challenges to RA No. 9262&#8243; will be published in the Journal of the Integrated Bar of the Phippines around 22 March 2009.  All lawyers get a free copy of the Journal of the IBP.
I will be posting it in this website after it is published. 
]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>My article, &#8220;Constitutional Challenges to RA No. 9262&#8243; will be published in the Journal of the Integrated Bar of the Phippines around 22 March 2009.  All lawyers get a free copy of the Journal of the IBP.</p>
<p>I will be posting it in this website after it is published. </p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<item>
		<title>Domestic violence, VAW are forms of torture</title>
		<link>http://www.bingguanzon.com/177/domestic-violence-vaw-are-forms-of-torture</link>
		<comments>http://www.bingguanzon.com/177/domestic-violence-vaw-are-forms-of-torture#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 25 Feb 2009 05:33:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Bing</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Book Projects]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bingguanzon.com/177/domestic-violence-vaw-are-forms-of-torture</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Here is the report of the SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR NOWAK  ON TORTURE AND CRUEL PUNISHMENT
==================
UNITEDNATIONSA
General Assembly Distr.
GENERAL
A/HRC/7/3
15 January 2008
Original: ENGLISH
HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL
Seventh session
Item 3 of the provisional agenda
PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF ALL HUMAN RIGHTS, CIVIL,POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS,INCLUDING THE RIGHT TO DEVELOPMENTReport of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhumanor degrading treatment [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Here is the report of the SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR NOWAK  ON TORTURE AND CRUEL PUNISHMENT</p>
<p>==================</p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial">UNITED</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial">NATIONS</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 36pt; font-family: Arial">A</span></strong></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Arial">General Assembly </span></strong><font face="Times New Roman">Distr.</font></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman">GENERAL</font></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman">A/HRC/7/3</font></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman">15 January 2008</font></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman">Original: ENGLISH</font></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman">HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL</font></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman">Seventh session</font></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman">Item 3 of the provisional agenda</font></p>
<p><strong><font face="Times New Roman">PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF ALL HUMAN RIGHTS, CIVIL,</font></strong><strong><font face="Times New Roman">POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS,</font></strong><strong><font face="Times New Roman">INCLUDING THE RIGHT TO DEVELOPMENT</font></strong><strong><font face="Times New Roman">Report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman</font></strong><strong><font face="Times New Roman">or degrading treatment or punishment, Manfred Nowak</font></strong><strong><font face="Times New Roman">Summary</font></strong></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman">The Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or</font></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman">punishment submits his second report to the Human Rights Council. Chapter I summarizes the</font></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman">activities of the Special Rapporteur undertaken between August and December 2007 (i.e. the</font></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman">period since the submission of his interim report to the General Assembly, A/62/221), including</font></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman">updates on country visits, future visits and pending requests for invitations, and highlights of key</font></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman">presentations and meetings. In chapter II, the Special Rapporteur focuses on the protection of</font></p>
<p><font face="Times New Roman">women from torture and in chapter III he sets out his conclusions and recommendations thereon.<strong><span style="font-size: 14pt"></span></strong></font><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p>
<p></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p>
<p></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">(PARAGRAPHS 45 to 48 ONLY)</font></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p>
<p></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Intimate partner violence41</font></span></strong><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">45. As with female detainees who experience torture, battered wives may be beaten with hands</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">and objects, kicked, strangled, stabbed or burned. Rape and other forms of sexual abuse are used</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">by intimate partners as well as by prison guards or police officers. In both scenarios, physical</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">violence is usually accompanied by insults, varied forms of humiliation, and threats to kill or</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">harm the victim or her family members (often children). Domestic violence, as well as torture,</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">tends to escalate over time, sometimes resulting in death or leaving women’s bodies mutilated or</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">permanently disfigured. Women who experience such violence, whether in their homes or in a</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">prison, suffer depression, anxiety, loss of self-esteem and a feeling of isolation. Indeed, battered</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">women may suffer from the same intense symptoms that comprise the post-traumatic stress</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">disorder identified in victims of official torture as well as by victims of rape.<strong>42 </strong>Another parallel</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">between privately battering women and torture, which refers back to the element of</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">powerlessness, is the intention to keep the victim in a permanent state of fear based on</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">unpredictable violence by seeking to reduce the person to submission and destroy his/her</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">capacity for resistance and autonomy with the ultimate aim of achieving total control.</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">46. State acquiescence in domestic violence can take many forms, some of which may be</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">subtly disguised. For instance, “Civil laws that appear to have little to do with violence also have</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">an impact on women’s ability to protect themselves and assert their rights. Laws that restrict</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">women’s right to divorce or inheritance, or that prevent them from gaining custody of their</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">children, receiving financial compensation or owning property, all serve to make women</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">dependent upon men and limit their ability to leave a violent situation.”<strong>43 </strong>The Special Rapporteur</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">considers that States should be held accountable for complicity in violence against women,</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">whenever they create and implement discriminatory laws that may trap women in abusive</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">circumstances. State responsibility may also be engaged if domestic laws fail to provide</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">adequate protection against any form of torture and ill-treatment in the home. For instance, in the</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">case of <em>A. v. the United Kingdom</em>, the European Court of Human Rights considered a complaint</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">concerning a minor whose stepfather had repeatedly beaten him. The stepfather had been</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">acquitted by domestic courts under the defence of “reasonable chastisement” as provided under</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">English law. The Court, referring to the beatings, found that “treatment of this kind reaches the</font></span><font face="Times New Roman"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt">41 </span></strong><span style="font-size: 14pt">See E/CN.4/1996/53, para. 50.</span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt">42 </span></strong><span style="font-size: 14pt">For a comparison between official torture and domestic violence see Rhonda Copelon,</span></font><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">“Recognizing the egregious in the everyday: domestic violence as torture”, <city w:st="on"></p>
<place w:st="on"><em>Columbia</em></place></city><em></em></font></span><font face="Times New Roman"><em><span style="font-size: 14pt">Human Rights Law Review</span></em><span style="font-size: 14pt">, 1994.</span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt">43 </span></strong><em><span style="font-size: 14pt">Not a minute more: Ending violence against women</span></em><span style="font-size: 14pt">, UNIFEM, <state w:st="on"></p>
<place w:st="on">New York</place></state>, 2003, p. 43.</span></font><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">A/HRC/7/3</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">page 15</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">level of severity prohibited by article 3”<strong>44 </strong>of the European Convention on Human Rights. The</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Court further stated that “the failure to provide adequate protection constitutes a violation of</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">article 3 of the Convention”.<strong>45</strong></font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">47. But even if there are national laws against domestic violence in place, law enforcement</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">agencies and the prosecution services may still not consider cases of domestic violence as</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">serious violations and may be therefore reluctant to bring complaints, conduct investigations and</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">prosecute perpetrators. In 2001 the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights considered</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">the case of Maria da Penha, who had suffered physical and psychological violence at the hands</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">of her husband since 1983. He twice tried to kill her and left her paralysed at the age of 38.</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Fifteen years later, the judicial investigation initiated by Maria da Penha had not been concluded.</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">In this case, the Inter-American Commission held that the legislation was inadequate and that the</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">State was responsible for not having acted with due diligence and added that “discriminatory</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">judicial ineffectiveness creates a climate that is conducive to domestic violence, since society</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">sees no evidence of willingness by the State, as the representative of the society, to take effective</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">action to sanction such acts”.<strong>46</strong></font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">48. As can be seen from the above, international law has developed considerably over the</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">years to become more gender-inclusive. In 1996, the Special Rapporteur on violence against</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">women stated that: “the argument that domestic violence should be understood and treated as a</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">form of torture and, when less severe, ill-treatment, is one that deserves consideration by the</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">rapporteurs and treaty bodies that investigate these violations together perhaps with appropriate</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">NGO experts and jurists”.<strong>47 </strong>In 2000, the Human Rights Committee indicated that domestic</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">violence can give rise to violations of the right not to be subjected to torture or ill-treatment</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">under article 7 of the ICCPR.<strong>48 </strong>In line with this statement the Committee has mentioned the need</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">for States to adopt specific legislation combating domestic violence,<strong>49 </strong>including legislation</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">criminalizing marital rape.<strong>50 </strong>More specifically, it has called upon States to ensure that their</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">justice systems incorporate restraining orders to protect women from violent family members,</font></span><font face="Times New Roman"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt">44 </span></strong><span style="font-size: 14pt">European Court of Human Rights, case No. 100/1997/884/1096, <em>A. v. the United Kingdom</em>,</span></font><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">judgement 23 September 1998, para. 21.</font></span><font face="Times New Roman"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt">45 </span></strong><span style="font-size: 14pt">Ibid., para. 24.</span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt">46 </span></strong><span style="font-size: 14pt">Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, case No. 12.051, <em>Maria da Penha v.</em></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><country -region w:st="on"></p>
<place w:st="on"><em><span style="font-size: 14pt">Brazil</span></em></place></country><span style="font-size: 14pt">, 16 April 2001.</span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt">47 </span></strong><span style="font-size: 14pt">E/CN.4/1996/53, para. 50.</span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt">48 </span></strong><span style="font-size: 14pt">Human Rights Committee general comment No. 28 (2000) on article 3 (The equality of rights</span></font><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">between men and women), para. 11.</font></span><font face="Times New Roman"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt">49 </span></strong><span style="font-size: 14pt">See CCPR/CO/75/YEM, para. 6; CCPR/CO/79/LKA, para. 20; and CCPR/CO/80/DEU,</span></font><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">para. 14.</font></span><font face="Times New Roman"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt">50 </span></strong><span style="font-size: 14pt">See CCPR/CO/79/LKA, para. 20.</span></font><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">A/HRC/7/3</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">page 16</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">provide shelters and other support to victims, establish measures to encourage women to report</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">domestic violence to the authorities,<strong>51 </strong>and offer “material and psychological relief to the</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">victims”.<strong>52 </strong>The Committee against Torture has also referred to the prevalence of domestic</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">violence, and the urgent need to protect women by adopting specific legislative and other</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">measures.<strong>53 </strong>The Committee has stressed the need to take action in cases where a woman is</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">reportedly being confined against her will by members of her family and the importance of</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">ensuring that fair standards of proof are required.<strong>54</strong></font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">49. A side glimpse at refugee law shows that in cases of domestic violence where the State is</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">unable or unwilling to intervene to provide protection, victims have increasingly been recognized</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">as refugees. In one model case, the High Court of Australia granted refugee status to</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Mrs. Khawar, who claimed to be the victim of serious and prolonged domestic violence on the</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">part of her husband and members of his family, and that the police in</p>
<place w:st="on"><country -region w:st="on">Pakistan</country></place> refused to enforce</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">the law against such violence or otherwise offer her protection. This refusal was considered not</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">only to be a mere inability to provide protection, but also “alleged tolerance and condonation”.<strong>55</strong> </font></span></p>
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